Global Anabolic EPO 5000iu

Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone, or rather a cytokine, the main regulator of erythropoiesis, which stimulates the formation of red blood cells from late progenitor cells and increases the release of reticulocytes from the bone marrow, depending on oxygen consumption. Until tissue oxygenation is impaired, the concentration of erythropoietin, as well as the number of circulating red blood cells, remain constant. The production of erythropoietin is regulated at the level of its gene transcription, and since the only physiological stimulus that increases the number of cells synthesizing erythropoietin is hypoxia, neither the production nor the metabolism of erythropoietin depend on its plasma concentration.

In the body of a healthy person, there are approximately 2.3 * 10 ^ 13 erythrocytes, the life expectancy of which is 120 days on average. Therefore, in the body, the pool of red blood cells must be constantly renewed at a rate of about 2.3 cells per second. The erythroid cell differentiation system must be tightly regulated to maintain a constant level of circulating red blood cells under normal conditions. In addition, this system must be very sensitive to changes in the amount of oxygen in the body. Currently, there is a lot of data indicating that circulating erythropoietin in the blood is a key factor in controlling the differentiation of erythroid cells.

Erythropoietin is an extremely active hormone that acts in the body in picomolar concentrations. Small fluctuations in its concentration in the blood lead to significant changes in the rate of erythropoiesis, and the normal range of its concentration ranges from 4 to 26 IU / L. Therefore, until the concentration of hemoglobin falls below 105 g / l, the concentration of erythropoietin does not go beyond the indicated limits and it is impossible to detect its increase (if you do not know its initial values).

Erythrocytosis leads to suppression of erythropoietin production by a negative feedback mechanism. This is due not only to an increase in oxygen delivery to tissues due to an increase in the number of circulating red blood cells, but also to an increase in blood viscosity. For an athlete, this means a decrease in the production of his own hormone with the introduction of an exogenous one and a violation of the mechanisms of regulation of the formation of erythrocytes. Therefore, using erythropoietin in sports as a doping, an athlete should think about the further fate of the production of erythrocytes in his body.

History

Isolation of purified erythropoietin in the form of a pharmacological preparation is a scientific achievement of the last decade. But "blood doping" in other forms was used much earlier. Kaiser Franz himself admitted in the press that back in 1974-75, the so-called autohemotherapy was practiced in Bavaria: before the match, they draw their own blood from a vein into a syringe and immediately inject it intramuscularly until it coagulates. This procedure entails the release of reserve red blood cells from the "depot" of the bone marrow into the bloodstream. As a result, there is a better supply of oxygen to tissues, an increase in endurance, etc. In addition, erythropoietin leads, but more gently and gradually.

It must be say that due to the many existing methods of raising the level of hemoglobin, the IOC has banned not only EPO, but also any so-called "manipulation with blood." This affected, for example, Finnish skiers at the World Championships in Lahti. But more on that below.

It is clear that EPO cannot be called a medicine either. It has no effect on the nervous system. Absolutely non-toxic (protein!). The only danger that theoretically could be an increase in the number of red blood cells is a tendency to thrombus formation. With dehydration, the ratio of the total volume of erythrocytes to the volume of liquid increases, i.e. plasma (this ratio is called "hematocrit"), the blood "thickens" and can clog small vessels). I even read some reports that 6 Dutch cyclists have died relatively recently for this reason. But, sorry, that sounds like gibberish. This death is not from EPO, but from dehydration. And athletes have long learned to prevent dehydration, thank God (for this there are "food and drink points" during distance courses and coaching flasks with various vitamin-salt cocktails).

Usage

The route of administration of EPO can vary from one to the other. It can be administered subcutaneously or intravenously, the difference between these pathways is how long it takes for EPO to take effect and cause peak blood levels.

For athletes seeking to improve their performance and endurance, a low dose starting at 5 IU per kg of total body weight. Three injections a week for two to three weeks are likely to keep your red blood cell count high for over three months.

Side effects

Although EPO has an excellent therapeutic effect, if used improperly, it causes some side effects that are so dangerous that they can be fatal. If this drug is used inappropriately or in a larger dose than necessary, a blood clot can develop, which can stop blood flow to an important organ, leading to sad death.

Here are some of the side effects this medicine can cause and how to manage or avoid them, if possible:

• Chest pain
• Swelling of the ankles, fingers, and feet
• Fever
• Weight gain
• Flu-like symptoms
• Hyperkalemia
• Dizziness
• Allergies